How Do I Know If My Dog Has Allergies?

Dogs with allergies typically show signs like persistent itching, red or inflamed skin, frequent paw licking, ear infections, and hair loss. If your dog scratches constantly, chews their paws, or develops skin issues that don't resolve quickly, allergies are likely the culprit and require veterinary diagnosis. 

Key takeaways

• Chronic itching and scratching (especially face, paws, ears, and belly) are the primary signs of dog allergies
• Unlike humans, dogs rarely sneeze with allergies—they itch instead
• Environmental allergies are the most common type, followed by flea allergies, then food allergies
• Allergies can develop at any age but most commonly appear between 1-3 years old
• Left untreated, allergies lead to secondary skin infections, hot spots, and chronic discomfort

Common signs your dog has allergies

Skin and coat symptoms

• Intense, persistent scratching (more than normal grooming)
• Red, inflamed skin (particularly on belly, paws, armpits and groin)
• Hair loss or thinning fur in scratched areas
• Dry, flaky skin or greasy, smelly coat
• Hot spots (raw, oozing patches)
• Hives or rashes

Behavioral signs

• Excessive paw licking or chewing (paws may appear stained reddish-brown)
• Face rubbing against furniture or carpet
• Scooting or licking rear end
• Restlessness or difficulty sleeping due to itching

Ear and eye issues

• Frequent ear infections (red, smelly, or waxy ears)
• Head shaking or ear scratching
• Watery or irritated eyes (less common than skin symptoms)

Types of dog allergies

Environmental allergies (atopic dermatitis)

These are the most common type of allergy in dogs. Environmental allergies are triggered by pollen, mold, dust mite, or grass. Most symptoms will appear in a seasonal pattern (i.e., spring or fall), but may be present all year long over time. The affected areas of skin are usually the face, paws, ears, belly and armpits. 

Flea allergy dermatitis

These are triggered by flea saliva. Dogs may develop an allergy to flea saliva and will experience extreme itching after being bitten even once or twice. In these cases, the itching is usually worst around the tail base, hind legs, and lower back. In general, flea allergy dermatitis is most common during warmer months but may persist all year long depending on the location.

Food allergies

These are much less common than environmental allergies. Food allergies are usually caused by proteins like chicken, beef, or dairy. Symptoms are year-round and consistent (not seasonal). Unlike environmental allergies, food allergies often include gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or soft stools in addition to skin itching.

When to see a vet

Consult a veterinarian if your notice your dog:

• Scratches or licks constantly for more than a few days
• Develops red, inflamed, or infected-looking skin
• Has recurrent ear infections (two or more per year)
• Shows signs of pain or keeps you awake at night with scratching
• Has hair loss or skin changes

If your dog's itching is persistent, worsening, or accompanied by red paws, rash, hives, or hair loss, a licensed vet should evaluate the allergy. Otis offers convenient online care with veterinarians who are experts in dog itch and allergy treatment and management. Otis vets can diagnose your dog's condition, craft a treatment and maintenance plan, and prescribe medications like Apoquel through same-day virtual visits - so you can skip the long waits and stressful car rides.

How vets diagnose allergies

Veterinarians diagnose allergies through:

• Detailed physical examination and symptom history
• Ruling out other causes like parasites, mange, or fungal infections
• Evaluating itch patterns and timing (seasonal vs year-round)
• Response to treatment trials

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